The price of gasoline has now passed
$4 a gallon or $135/barrel. Increased demand is a major reason for the price increases, but speculative investing in commodities has also played an even bigger role. Recent articles have suggested that nearly a billion dollars a day of "big money" has been invested in oil futures. A billion dollars a day of futures money is probably equivalent to 5-10 million barrels a day, since each barrel costs $100-$200. Or more precisely, 1 billion divided by $135 per barrel equals 7.41 million barrels/day. Current US consumption of oil for the month of march/2008 was
19.7 million barrels/day. So, basically, all the hedge funds, pension funds, and rich people have entered the oil futures market with speculative money equivalent to 1/3 of total US demand. To put this in perspective, this amount is greater than the total consumption of China, which is 6.5 millions barrels/day.
On the other hand, real demand for oil within the US is not increasing. From the
data that spans oil consumption data from 1973, the greatest amount of oil consumption occurred in August of 2005, with 21.7 million barrels per day consumed. However, in February of 1979, 21.3 million barrels a day were consumed, which corresponds to a measly 1.7% increase, even though the US population has increased by 33% during that time frame (from
225 million to over
300 million). More strikingly, the demand for oil consumption has pretty much been flat over the last 3-4 years, even though price of oil has shot up 4 fold over this time. Finally, the current demand for oil over the 1st 3 months of 2008 has dropped precipitously to 2002 levels. Clearly, the data show that real demand for oil in the US has been contained for the last few years.
Of course, the slack in US demand could very well be made up global demand, but I'll leave that analysis for another post. However, keep in mind, that the US is responsible for nearly 25% of the world's oil consumption, so its hard to imagine that global demand is going counteract flat or decreasing US demand.
So what is the end result for the US consumer? Predicting the top of a speculative bubble is impossible to do. The bubble could go on for some time and if it does, prices could easily hit $200/barrel and $6/gallon. Or the bubble could end tomorrow. The real problem with a bubble is that an increase in price leads to an increase in demand (since every investor will flock to oil commodities), which can counteract or even overwhelm the decrease in demand from real oil consumption due to conservation. However, when the bubble does finally pop, expect a very harsh correction. A correction will be harsher and quicker than Nasdaq bubble or real estate bubble, since stock trades require a larger margin, and real estate is not as liquid. Once the commodities bubble pops, long term prices will remain constant for a long time as the speculative money will migrate to "infect" some other asset class.